Around one-third of the value of the EU’s imports of cereals in 2021 originated from Ukraine (28.8% and valued at €1.7 billion) and Russia (4.8%) combined.
The price surge triggered by the pandemic in 2021 and the war in Ukraine in 2022, which primarily caused producer prices to soar, was considerably stronger (Figure 2), but the processes are very similar to […]
MMT economists have always held the view that a focus on deficits and debt aimed at assessing solvency thresholds and the like has never been justified and has underpinned destructive policy interventions that have undermined […]
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